Explanation: The monomers from which DNA is polymerized are deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). When DNA is in its polymerized form, the monomers are deoxyribonucleoside monophospates (dNMPs).

What is polymerization in DNA replication?

Polymerization Reaction Catalyzed by DNA Polymerases. The chain-elongation reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerases is a nucleophilic attack by the 3′-hydroxyl group of the primer on the innermost phosphorus atom of the deoxynucleoside triphosphate (Figure 5.22).

Why is DNA replication Exergonic?

Is DNA replication exergonic? DNA polymerization is exergonic because the monomers that act as substrates in the reaction are deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and have high potential energy because of their three closely packed phosphate groups.

What are the monomers of DNA polymerase?

The monomers of DNA are called nucleotides. Nucleotides have three components: a base, a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate residue. The four bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).

Is replication of DNA from free nucleotides Exergonic?

DNA synthesis is a highly exergonic process due to the hydrolysis of the nucleotide.

DNA Replication (Updated)

24 related questions found

Is lipid synthesis endergonic or exergonic?

What are the function of lipids? Is fatty acid biosynthesis endergonic or exergonic, and why? It is Endergonic. The synthesis of fatty acids traps energy so it is endorgonic.

Where does DNA replication occur?

DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Regardless of where DNA replication occurs, the basic process is the same. The structure of DNA lends itself easily to DNA replication. Each side of the double helix runs in opposite (anti-parallel) directions.

What acts as a monomer in DNA replication?

DNA and RNA are made up of monomers known as nucleotides. The nucleotides combine with each other to form a polynucleotide: DNA or RNA.

What is a lipid monomer?

Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers of lipids. Lipids include waxes, oils and fats. ... Let's take a brief look at how fatty acids are composed. A fatty acid is made of a carboxyl group with a chain of carbons attached.

What are the 4 types of monomers?

Monomers are atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers. There are four main types of monomer, including sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides.

Is light repair exergonic?

Light repair is an exergonic process and does not require any energy input.

What is endergonic vs exergonic?

In the exergonic reaction, the reactants are at a higher free energy level than the products (reaction goes energetically downhill). In the endergonic reaction reaction, the reactants are at a lower free energy level than the products (reaction goes energetically uphill).

Is cellular respiration endergonic or exergonic?

Photosynthesis is an endergonic (energy-consuming) process. Cellular respiration is an exergonic (energy-releasing) process.

What happens when nucleotides polymerize?

The polymerization of nucleotides occurs in a condensation reaction in which phosphodiester bonds and H₂O molecules are formed, as shown in Fig. 2c. The resulting structure resembles the backbone of an RNA molecule in which the nucleotides are found at a well defined distance of 3.4 Å, as shown in Fig.

What nucleotides polymerize to form nucleic acids?

When nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid: ... a covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second. b. a hydrogen bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second.

What occurs when nucleotides are joined together during DNA replication?

Each template and its new complement together then form a new DNA double helix, identical to the original. ... The enzyme DNA polymerase then moves along the exposed DNA strand, joining newly arrived nucleotides into a new DNA strand that is complementary to the template.

What is the monomer for phospholipids?

Phospholipids consist of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group that is modified by an alcohol.

Is guanine a monomer or polymer?

All nucleic acids are made up of the same building blocks (monomers). Chemists call the monomers "nucleotides." The five pieces are uracil, cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine. No matter what science class you are in, you will always hear about ATCG when looking at DNA. Uracil is only found in RNA.

Is cytosine a monomer?

DNA is composed of four amino acids: adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. Each nucleotide, or monomer, has different attributes that allow it to link with the corresponding nucleotide and form a long chain, or sequence.

What four monomers are used to make the polymer created in transcription?

RNA is a polymer comprised of the nucleotides A, C, G and U. RNA is the working form of our genetic information. RNA is produced via the process of transcription. Some RNA is used to help build ribosomes (rRNA) and some (mRNA) are used to guide the formation of proteins.

Which of the following occurs during replication?

Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment. During separation, the two strands of the DNA double helix uncoil at a specific location called the origin.

Where does replication occur in prokaryotes?

In prokaryotic cells, there is only one point of origin, replication occurs in two opposing directions at the same time, and takes place in the cell cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells on the other hand, have multiple points of origin, and use unidirectional replication within the nucleus of the cell.

How do the nucleotides in the DNA pair?

Nucleotides form a pair in a molecule of DNA where two adjacent bases form hydrogen bonds. The nitrogenous bases of the DNA always pair up in specific way, purine with pyrimidine (A with T, G with C), held together by weak hydrogen bonds.